Sri Lanka’s first capital, dating back to the 5th century BC, was a remarkable example of urban planning. The ancient city featured designated areas for huntsmen, scavengers, heretics, and foreigners. Throughout its history, it stood as one of South Asia’s most stable and enduring centers of political power and urban life. This city is sacred to the Buddhist world and is surrounded by monasteries and manmade reservoirs. It is also home to the oldest documented tree in the world, the sacred Bo Tree. Key highlights include the Sri Maha Bodhi, Isurumuniya Rock Temple, Brazen Palace, Samadhi Buddha, Ruwanwelisaya, Abeyagiri Stupa, Jetavanarama, Thuparama, and the Twin Pond.
Located in Sri Lanka’s Matale District, Sigiriya is a famous archaeological site that features an ancient rock fortress and palace ruins. The area is known for its expansive network of gardens, structures, and reservoirs, as well as its popularity among tourists. In addition to its historical significance, Sigiriya is also recognized for its stunning frescoes, which are similar to those found in India’s Ajanta Caves. The site was constructed during the reign of King Kassapa I between AD 477 and 495 and has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Notable attractions include the Mirror Wall, Frescoes, Royal Gardens, Lion Staircase, Swimming Pool, and King’s Throne located at the summit.
Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka’s medieval capital, gained prominence in the 11th century AD and showcases an intriguing mix of South Indian Hindu cultural influences on Sinhala Buddhist art and architecture through its various shrines and monuments. Despite facing repeated invasions by the Cholas and Pandyans, many sites remain sacred to devotees. Some notable attractions in Polonnaruwa include the Gal Vihara complex, Shiva Temples, Kiri Vehera, Lankatilaka, the Circular Relic House, Pothgul Vehera, the Royal Palace Complex, Stone Book, and other architectural marvels spread throughout the city.
After being closed off for approximately three decades due to Sri Lanka’s civil war, Jaffna is now open to both local and international visitors once again. With reconstructed roads, new hotels, and improved infrastructure, Jaffna has become a significant destination on the island. It is famed for its rich cultural heritage, pleasant climate, and accessibility via air or land transportation. Popular attractions in Jaffna include the historic Jaffna Dutch Fort, the iconic Public Library, the revered Nallur Temple, the serene Nagadeepa Temple, beautiful Casuarina Beach, and the scenic locations of Nilaveri, Keerimalai, and Delft.
Tracing back to the 1st century BC, the Dambulla Cave Temple stands out as Sri Lanka’s most magnificent cave temple. Comprising five caves beneath an overhanging rock, it boasts the largest assembly of Buddha statues gathered in one location. Each cave ceiling displays vibrant murals illustrating Jataka tales, while the initial cavern houses a striking 14-meter long reclining Buddha sculpture carved into the stone. Meanwhile, the second cave contains 16 standing and 40 seated Buddha figures. This remarkable attraction offers visitors a glimpse into Sri Lanka’s deep history and artistic heritage.
Mihintale holds great importance as the birthplace of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and lies about 11 kilometers away from Anuradhapura. Ascending 1,840 granite steps leads you to the peak where Arahant Mahinda Thero introduced Buddhism to King Devanampiyatissa in the 3rd century BC. Remains of a hospital complex, more than 68 caves, and several stupas can be explored here. Every year, especially during June, numerous Buddhist pilgrims flock to Mihintale to commemorate the introduction of their faith. Climbing these age-old stairs provides not only a physical challenge but also grants spiritual seekers a sense of connection to this profound moment in Sri Lanka’s past.
Kandy, the charming hill capital of Sri Lanka, is a UNESCO World Heritage City and the country’s most frequented tourist destination. Among its highlights is the Dalada Maligawa, home to the sacred Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha—the most esteemed shrine within the Buddhist community. Historical records indicate that the relic arrived in Sri Lanka during the reign of King Keerthi Sri Meghavarna in Anuradhapura (301–328 CE). Additional must-see attractions comprise the Royal Botanical Gardens, spanning 57 hectares and nurturing over 4,000 plant species; the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage, offering opportunities to observe feeding (at 09:15 and 13:15 hours) and bathing rituals; and fascinating museums displaying collections from the Kandyan era. Several historically and architecturally valuable buildings, such as the Asgiriya and Malwatte Chapters, complement the picturesque atmosphere alongside captivating Buddhist temples like Gadaladeniya, Embekke, Lankatilake Vihare, and Degaldoruwa.
Nuwara Eliya, often referred to as “Little England,” owing to its average temperature of 13.8°C (57°F), sits gracefully atop an elevation of 1,896 meters above sea level. Transformed into a quaint English town by the British colonialists, it features classic establishments like English-style pubs, golf courses, prime spots for trout fishing, horse racing tracks, and elegant British-style constructions. While foreigners do enjoy visiting Nuwara Eliya, it tends to attract even larger crowds of domestic tourists seeking respite, particularly around April and May. Approximately 20 km from Nuwara Eliya, adventure enthusiasts will find Horton Plains perfect for treks leading to the dramatic “World’s End”—a sheer cliff dropping vertiginously nearly 900 meters and providing breathtaking views of the sprawling landscape beyond. Furthermore, nature lovers should explore Hakgala Gardens, closely associated with the timeless tale of Valmiki’s Ramayana, nestled near Nuwara Eliya. These diverse offerings cater to a wide range of interests, making Nuwara Eliya an appealing stop along any traveler’s journey.
Ella, a true gem tucked amidst the splendor of Sri Lanka’s highlands, serves as an idyllic retreat for relaxation and immersion in the nation’s natural beauty. Visitors are treated to panoramic landscapes including lush tea estates, majestic mountains, and verdant valleys. Adventurers may partake in invigorating activities such as trekking, spelunking, and zip-lining, ensuring memorable experiences for thrillseekers. Iconic attractions like Ravana Falls, the mesmerizing vista offered by Ella Gap, and the accessible yet awe-inspiring Little Adam’s Peak contribute to Ella’s widespread appeal among tourists. Offering something unique for every type of visitor, Ella proves itself to be a worthy inclusion on anyone’s travel itinerary when exploring Sri Lanka’s wonders.
Situated on the western slopes of Sri Lanka’s central highlands in the Kegalle District, Kitulgala presents a paradise brimming with excitement and wonder. Renowned for adrenaline-pumping adventures, Kitulgala draws visitors from far and wide for exhilarating whitewater rafting expeditions on the roaring Kelani River. Featuring rapid successions of frothy waves and turbulent currents stretching for miles, this aquatic playground delights beginners and seasoned pros alike. Film buffs rejoice knowing that scenes from the Academy Award-winning film ‘Bridge on the River Kwai,’ directed by David Lean, unfolded right here in the mid-1950s. Moreover, Kitulgala caters to avid birdwatchers and ambitious trekkers looking to immerse themselves deeper in pristine wilderness settings. Discover why Kitulgala remains a beloved getaway spot for both intrepid spirits and peaceful souls.
Just 74 kilometers removed from the sublime city of Kandy, Mahiyangana warmly embraces its distinguished designation as a deeply respected holy site for Buddhists. Steeped in tradition, this hallowed land acknowledges the story of Lord Buddha’s inaugural pilgrimage directly after achieving enlightenment. Overwhelmed by gratitude, the people honored him by constructing a stupa to preserve a lock of his hair. Following His parinibbāṇa, or ultimate departure from earthly existence, the sacred monument evolved and assumed the mantle of Mahiyangana Cetīya, safeguarding the collarbone fragment transported from His cremation pyre courtesy of Reverend Sarahbu Thero. Today, countless devoted disciples continue to pay tribute to this powerful symbol of love and respect, solidifying bonds of faith that span millennia. Immersing oneself in this serene environment affords an extraordinary chance to connect spiritually with generations gone by while simultaneously celebrating life’s present continuum.
Towering at a lofty height of 7,362 feet, Adam’s Peak claims its status as a revered mount revered by followers of the four main religions in Sri Lanka. Beliefs vary amongst these communities regarding the origin of the mysterious footprint embedded at its summit – Buddhists hold steadfast to the notion that it belongs to Lord Buddha, while Christians and Muslims maintain that it bears the mark of Adam. Hindus ascribe ownership to mighty Lord Shiva. Mark your calendar for the auspicious climbing window starting in December and lasting until May, allowing devoted pilgrims ranging from children to seniors the opportunity to embark on this annual spiritual quest. Nighttime climbs prevail amongst determined individuals aiming to catch sight of the brilliant sunrise, casting a magical silhouette of the peak against the sky (located approximately 37 km from Hatton). Prepare yourself for a moving encounter filled with inspiration and camaraderie as fellow believers gather together in celebration of unity and faith atop this hallowed ground.